This is an audio version of the Wikipedia article:
Mesoscopic physics

00:02:49 1 Effects of quantum confinement
00:05:16 2 Interference effects
00:06:06 3 Mesoscopic dynamics resolved in time

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– Socrates

SUMMARY

Disambiguation: This page refers to the subdiscipline of condensed matter physics, not the branch of mesoscale meteorology concerned with the study of weather systems smaller than synoptic-scale systems. Mesoscopic physics is a subdiscipline of condensed matter physics that deals with materials of intermediate size. length. The scale of these materials can be described as being between the size of a quantity of atoms (like a molecule) and that of materials measuring micrometers. The lower limit can also be defined as the size of individual atoms. At the micrometer level are bulk materials. Mesoscopic and macroscopic objects contain a large number of atoms. While the average properties derived from its constituent materials describe macroscopic objects, as they generally obey the laws of classical mechanics, a mesoscopic object, on the other hand, is affected by fluctuations around the average and is subject to quantum mechanics. The device, when reduced to meso size, begins to reveal quantum mechanical properties. For example, at the macroscopic level, the conductance of a wire increases continuously with its diameter. However, at the mesoscopic level, wire conductance is quantified: increases occur in discrete or individual whole steps. During the research, mesoscopic devices are constructed, measured and observed experimentally and theoretically in order to advance the understanding of the physics of insulators, semiconductors, metals and superconductors. The applied science of mesoscopic physics deals with the potential for building nanodevices.
Mesoscopic physics also addresses fundamental practical problems that arise when a macroscopic object is miniaturized, as in the case of the miniaturization of transistors in solid-state electronics. The physical properties of materials change as their size approaches the nanoscale, where the percentage of atoms on the surface of the material becomes important. For massive materials larger than one micrometer, the percentage of atoms on the surface is insignificant compared to the number of atoms in the material as a whole. The subdiscipline has primarily dealt with artificial structures made of metal or semiconductor material that have been fabricated by the techniques used to produce microelectronic circuits. There is no rigid definition of mesoscopic physics but the systems studied are normally on the order of 100 nm (the size of a typical virus) to 1000 nm (the size of a typical bacteria): 100 nanometers is the approximate upper limit for a nanoparticle. Thus, mesoscopic physics is closely related to the fields of nanofabrication and nanotechnology. Devices used in nanotechnology are examples of mesoscopic systems. Three categories of new phenomena in such systems are interference effects, quantum confinement effects and charge effects.

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