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Transcription
What is genetic testing? A useful analogy is to think about taking a photo. When you frame your photo, there are many different levels at which you can zoom in on the object you are photographing. For example, you might take a photo of a large tree from a distance. You may then want to zoom in on a particular branch of the tree. You can zoom in further on the specific leaf of the tree, and you may even want to examine a specific area of that leaf in detail.
Genetic testing involves a similar process of zooming in on an area of interest in your body, your DNA. The genetic testing process begins by zooming in on the cells in a blood or tissue sample. Your cells make up the different tissues of your body. Scientists then look closely at a part of the cell called the nucleus, where most of your DNA is stored. DNA is stored in tightly coiled strands called chromosomes.
In genetic testing, the chromosomes are unwound and the DNA's message is read as a series of letters. The DNA alphabet is made up of just four letters: A, C, T, and G. These letters are found in different combinations to make up genes, the instructions coded in your DNA. Your genes help determine your hair and eye color, height, and other physical traits that define you. We now know that variations in our genes also impact our health and our risk of disease. Genetic testing is a process by which scientists zoom in on your DNA and look for variations in your genes that can lead to disease.
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