Electric and hybrid vehicle repairs
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Key moments:

00:00 Presentation
0:11 Different types of hybrids
0:56 Operation of the electric motor and internal combustion engine
1:49 Charging the electric battery

A hybrid car is considered a vehicle combining at least one electric motor
and internal combustion engine.
Hybrid cars are divided into several types. In less common series hybrids, the
the movement of the car is carried out solely by the electric motor. The gasoline engine
is not connected to the transmission and is only used to charge the battery if
necessary. Parallel hybrids are the most common, where internal combustion
the engine and the electric motor are connected so that they can work together when the car
is in motion. The electric motor also acts as a generator that charges the battery when
stopped or driven by inertia. Power Split hybrids combine the best of parallel and
serial technologies. The internal combustion engine can participate in both
driving the car and charging the battery via a separate generator. In hybrids with
distribution between the axles, a motor is connected to the front axle and the
the other to the rear axle of the car.
Concerning the operation of the electric motor and the internal combustion engine,
hybrids are divided into three types.
In mild hybrids, the electric motor has a complementary function. He can assist the
starting, accelerating and operating vehicle systems while stationary during
the gasoline or diesel engine does not run. These hybrids use a relatively small amount
large capacity battery, which operates at low voltage.
In full hybrids, in addition to the main functions of the electric motor, it can self-propel
the car in certain conditions and the battery ensures a certain mileage.
The electric motors of this type of hybrid are more powerful and the batteries have a
higher voltage and higher capacity.
Although less common, electric cars with range extenders can also be considered
hybrids. They have a small gasoline engine that only serves to charge the battery if it
it is not possible to do this via the electrical network.
There are several options for recharging the hybrid car's electric battery.
The kinetic energy can be converted into electrical energy by the electric motor, which
also plays the role of a generator charging the battery. This happens at what is called
regenerative braking, where the car first brakes with the electric motor and finally
with the car's braking systems. Electricity is also produced during inertia movement
of the car.
Plug-in hybrids can also be recharged via an external electricity source using the
standard network for normal charging or specialized terminals for fast charging, as well as
via mobile stations.
Additional energy can be generated from solar panels installed on car park roofs
with fast charging stations for hybrid and electric cars.
In the next episodes of Softelectronic for hybrid cars, we will examine their characteristics in detail.
structure, diagnosis, maintenance and repair.

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