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Thanks for stopping by, it's a 2 minute class and today we're talking about the plant cell.

The plant cell is the most fundamental unit of life of all “plants”.

Let's review the main structures of the plant cell and briefly discuss the function of each.

We will start from the outside with the cell wall. The cell wall is a rigid structure made of cellulose that provides strength and structural support to the cell and the plant as a whole. The cell wall is also permeable, meaning it allows fluid to pass through it freely. This is not the cell membrane, which is our next structure.

The cell membrane is what separates the cell from the environment outside the cell. It is also known as a phospholipid bilayer and has various structures to allow selective inflow and outflow of water and other molecules and compounds.

Next comes the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm includes everything within the boundaries of the cell membrane, including all organelles, proteins, and other structures. This is not the same as the cytosol, which is the fluid in which these organelles move.

Plant cells have a large central vacuole, and this vacuole is used for storage, but it also plays an important role in the shape and stability of plants. This gives turgor pressure to the plants. Underwatered, plants do not have complete central vacuoles and therefore appear limp or wilted.

The Golgi apparatus or Golgi body is the packaging and shipping center of the cell. It modifies molecules and proteins produced by the cell and sends them into vesicles to be shipped out of the cell.

Next come the ribosomes and they are small structures distributed throughout the cell, made up of proteins and RNA. They are responsible for translating RNA into proteins for use in and out of the cell. They are found free-floating within the cell or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum, which is our next structure, and there are actually two types.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum facilitates the production and storage of proteins made on the ribosomes attached to it. It is these ribosomes that give it its “rough” texture and its name. Proteins made in the raw ER and sent to the Golgi apparatus.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER does not contain ribosomes and participates in the production of lipids and helps in detoxification.

The nucleus at the center of the cell, not necessarily in terms of location, but in function. This is where your DNA is stored and protected. DNA is read by special proteins and transcribed into RNA to be translated into proteins. Information from the nucleus determines how the cell functions and ultimately how your genes manifest.

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell. This is where cells and organisms get the energy they need to function. Mitochondria are the main producers of ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

The chloroplast is similar to mitochondria. I say similar, but chloroplasts actually work in the opposite way. They convert energy from the sun and use it to form basic carbohydrate compounds. It is actually the usable source of energy for almost all living organisms.

The cytoskeleton is the structure and framework of the cell. It contains an extensive infrastructure of microtubules and microfilaments. It gives cells their shape and structural support.

Centrosomes are usually located close to the nucleus and are responsible for the production of microtubules. They also play an essential role in mitosis, moving toward the ends of the cell and helping the cell divide.

So that’s a quick crash course on the plant cell. If you learned something, like this video and subscribe for more great content.

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