In 1998, two teams of scientists measured the rate of expansion of the universe, expecting that the gravity of the cosmic web would cause the universe to collapse. But instead, they found that the expansion of the universe appears to be accelerating, after increasing more during the second half of its existence.
The two teams agreed that a new type of energy field, known as dark energy, was driving this acceleration, and in doing so, they revived one of Einstein's long-suppressed ideas: the cosmological constant.

Thanks to SpaceWave – Cosmic Relaxation for another amazing soundtrack! If you liked the music in this video, check it out below:
Dark Energy Soundtrack: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCj3460Ylt4JEcEiW6PxCH9Q
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IMAGES:
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Actual space images and some scientific visualizations are public domain content provided by NASA and ESA.
– NASA: https://www.nasa.gov
– ESA: https://www.esa.int

Several graphic sequences were provided by Vecteezy.com
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SOURCES OF INFORMATION:
Definition of dark energy and some theories about its nature: https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/d/Dark+Energy

What do we really know about dark energy? https://arxiv.org/pdf/1103.5331.pdf

1998 paper from the High Z Supernova Search Team invoking the cosmological constant: https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9805201

Have Dark Forces Disrupted the Cosmos? https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/25/science/cosmos-hubble-dark-energy.html

Concordance Cosmology and Lambda-CDM: https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Big_Ideas_in_Cosmology_(Coble_et_al.)/17%3A_Dark_Energy_and_the_Fate_of_the_Universe/17.04%3A_Cosmic_Concordance_and_Cosmological_Parameters

BAO and standard rules: https://arxiv.org/abs/0801.0642

Misconceptions about the Big Bang: https://web.archive.org/web/20110719235653/http://space.mit.edu/~kcooksey/teaching/AY5/MisconceptionsabouttheBigBang_ScientificAmerican.pdf

Cosmological constant and its problems: http://hosting.astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro1109/readings/AConstantProblem.pdf

Quintessence / K-Essence: https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0006373

Phantom Energy and the Great Rip: https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0302506

CHAPTERS:
0:00 Presentation
2:27 Acceleration of expansion
5:09 Einstein's biggest mistake
8:26 How space expands
12:11 Redshift and standard candles
17:03 Search for type 1a supernova
19:25 Λ-CDM
22:08 Baryonic acoustic oscillations
26:27 Future missions to study dark energy
28:46 Vacuum Fluctuations
32:29 Quintessence
34:43 Phantom Energy
37:17 The Great Tear

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