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Key points covered in this video include:
1. The need for classification
2. The modern classification system
3. Binomial naming
The need for classification
We have many different species present on the planet. Classifying these species helps us understand their biology and facilitates the identification of new species. Classification is the process of arranging living things into groups. In 1735, a scientist named Carl Linnaeus published a hierarchical system for classifying all species.
The modern classification system
Carl Linnaeus classified all known organisms into distinct categories with 8 main hierarchical levels. Domain – the highest taxonomic rank that contains three groups: Eukaryotes, Archaea, and Bacteria. Kingdom – there are four eukaryotic kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi and Protoctista and another kingdom, the unicellular Prokaryota. Phylum – all organisms are sorted based on their body design; for example if they have a spine. Class: Organisms are grouped based on general traits; for example the number of members. Order – an additional division based on more specific information; for example wolves and cows in the class of mammals. Family – a group of closely related genera; for example, dogs and cats are divided at the family level. Genus – a group of closely related species; for example the hominid genus containing Homo erectus and Homo sapiens. Species – the basic unit of classification in this system in which all members show little variation.
Binomial naming
Using a common name in a global classification system can be difficult due to language differences. The binomial naming system solves this problem. The binomial naming system uses the genus name and the species name to avoid confusion when naming species. Humans are therefore Homo sapiens or H. sapiens because we are the sapiens species of the genus homo. Each time a new species is named, it receives a scientific name based on its classification as well as a common name. This table shows the taxonomic classification of three different species. What are the scientific names of the two species?
Summary
The classification of living organisms makes their research easier and more efficient
The classification of living organisms greatly facilitates the discovery of new species
All life can be classified using the modern hierarchical classification system
Species are given a scientific binomial name based on their classification
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