Quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines the principles of quantum mechanics and special relativity to describe the behavior of elementary particles and their interactions. It provides a powerful mathematical framework for understanding the fundamental forces and particles of the universe.

Field quantization is an important aspect of QFT, where fields are treated as quantum mechanical objects. In classical physics, fields are continuous entities that describe the properties of a physical system at any point in space and time. In contrast, in quantum field theory, fields are promoted to the rank of quantum operators and their values at each point become uncertain and subject to quantum fluctuations.

The field quantization process involves expanding fields into a set of creation and annihilation operators, which create or destroy particles associated with the field. These operators satisfy specific switching or anti-commutation relationships, depending on the nature of the field (bosonic or fermionic).

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