A quantum computer is a computer that exploits the phenomena of quantum mechanics. At small scales, physical matter exhibits the properties of both particles and waves, and quantum computing exploits this behavior using specialized hardware. Classical physics cannot explain how these quantum devices work, and a scalable quantum computer could perform some computations exponentially faster than any modern /"classical/" computer. In particular, a large-scale quantum computer could break widely used encryption schemes and help physicists perform physical simulations; however, the current state of the art is largely experimental and impractical, with several obstacles to useful applications.

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