Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a circular, double-stranded molecule found in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. It is a small genome, typically consisting of 15,000 to 17,000 base pairs, and encodes a limited number of genes involved in energy production and other mitochondrial functions.

Characteristics of mitochondrial DNA include:

– Circular: mtDNA is a closed circle, without free ends.
– Double stranded: mtDNA is made up of two complementary DNA strands twisted together into a double helix.
– Small: mtDNA is much smaller than nuclear DNA, with a limited number of genes.

The other options are not correct because:

– B) Single-stranded circular: mtDNA is double-stranded and not single-stranded.
– C) Linear double helix: mtDNA is circular and non-linear.
– D) None of the above: This option is incorrect because option A is a correct description of mtDNA.

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