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CRISPR is a defense system that protects bacteria against attack by viruses (called bacteriophages). Rodolphe Barrangou describes how this system works. Bacteria store part of the DNA of an invading virus in their genome as a “memory” of a previous attack. When the same type of virus tries to attack again, the bacteria deploys a machine (Cas9) that cuts the DNA of the invading virus. For more information on the CRISPR-Cas system, see Barrangou's account of CRISPR immunity or Doudna's key experiment on CRISPR-Cas engineering in The Explorer's Guide to Biology (explorebiology.org/summary/genetics /crispr-cas:from-bacterial- adaptive immunity to a genome editing revolution).
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