Glacial processes and deposits on land are called glacioterrestrial. But have you ever wondered how glaciers move, pick up and deposit sediment? In this video I review what a glacier is, how it forms, how it flows, the different types of glaciers, the three main ways glaciers produce and deposit till (melting, deposition and deformation ), the landforms created by glaciers (troughs, cirques, horns, tarns, aretes, kettles, kames, eskers, drumlins, moraines) and the stratigraphy of glaciotectonized and glacially deposited sediments. Glaciers form from the transformation of snow into firn which melts together and refreezes to form glacial ice. The process of glacier formation can take hundreds of years. Glaciers are classified according to their morphology, valley glaciers are those that flow and carve valleys, piedmont glaciers are those that form a fan shape while flowing into an open area from a valley, and we also range continental ice sheets, tidewater glaciers and outlet glaciers. But how do glaciers move or flow? The movement of glaciers is driven by meltwater at their base. The lower half of glaciers is more ductile than the upper half due to the pressure placed on it. So it will fold and the upper half of the glacier will fracture as the glacier moves. Cold-based glaciers move differently than warm-based glaciers. Cold-based glaciers move by slow internal creep, while warm-based glaciers move more quickly and are highly erosive. As glaciers move, partially melt and refreeze at their base, they pick up sediment and redeposit it downstream. Glaciers also scrape the rocks they flow over, forming glacial striations and grooves. The deposits deposited by glaciers are called till or outwash and create landforms, such as terminal moraines, lateral moraines, drumlins, kames, roches montagnené, eskers, etc. I end the video by reviewing typical glacial stratigraphy and how to recognize ancient glacial layers. environments in the rock record.

The references:
Depositional sedimentary environments: https://amzn.to/3ta678l
Facies models 4: https://amzn.to/3ysU6Mf
https://www.dkfindout.com/us/earth/glaciers/types-glacier/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumlin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kame
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esker
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine

GEO GIRL Website: https://www.geogirlscience.com/ (visit my website to see all my courses, purchase products, learn more about me, and donate to support the channel if you'd like!)

0:00 What are glaciers?
1:17 How are glaciers formed?
2:59 Glacier classification
3:07 Ice sheets and ice caps
3:27 Valley Glaciers
3:59 Emissary glaciers
4:16 Piedmont Glaciers
4:51 Glaciers and tidal icebergs
17:20 How does ice flow?
7:04 Cold base glaciers or warm base glaciers
8:42 a.m. Glacial deposit
10:02 a.m. Until backwash
10:43 a.m. Glacial landforms
12:11 Topography of the Kame and the kettle
12:48 Eskers
1:13 p.m. Tambourines
13:58 Lateral moraines and terminal moraines
14:33 Erosive glacial landforms
16:26 Glacial stratigraphy

Directly offset your carbon footprint with Wren: https://shrsl.com/3d0t2

Non-text books I recommend:
Oxygen by D. Canfield: https://amzn.to/3gffbCL
Brief history of the Earth by A. Knoll: https://amzn.to/3w3hC1I
Life on a young planet by A. Knoll: https://amzn.to/2RBMpny
Some assembly required by N. Shubin: https://amzn.to/3w1Ezm2
Your inner fish by N. Shubin: https://amzn.to/3cpw3Wb
Oxygen by N. Lane: https://amzn.to/3z4FgwZ
Extraterrestrial Oceans by K. Hand: https://amzn.to/3clMx1l
The engines of life: https://amzn.to/3w1Nhke

Tools I use as a geologist/teacher/student:
Geology field notebook: https://amzn.to/3lb6dJf
Geological rock hammer: https://amzn.to/3DZw8MA
Geological compass: https://amzn.to/3hfbdLu
Geological lens: https://amzn.to/3jXysM5
Camera: https://amzn.to/3l6fGRT

Image sources:
https://amzn.to/3ysU6Mf
https://news.agu.org/press-release/more-greenland-glaciers-threatened-by-climate-change-than-previously-thought/
https://www.swisseduc.ch/glaciers/glossary/valley-glacier-fr.html
https://snowbrains.com/nasa-pollution-not-rising-temperatures-may-have-melted-alpine-glaciers/
https://static.markiza.sk/a501/image/file/21/1776/LemT.ilustracna_snimka_jpg.jpg
https://www.amazon.ca/Facies-Models-Robert-Dalrymple-James/dp/1897095503
https://i.pinimg.com/736x/46/3a/ed/463aed5e959408aff763f771551ef6f2.jpg
http://chubbyrevision.weebly.com/glacial-landforms.html
https://timeforgeography.co.uk/videos_list/glaciation/Aretes/
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/glacialenvironment-141217132908-conversion-gate01/95/glacial-environment-53-638.jpg?cb=1418823979
https://searchmanitoba.weebly.com/landforms.html
https://sites.google.com/site/wickedrocky2015/home/geologic-overview
https://people.uwec.edu/jolhm/Superior2007/TeamC/processes.html
https://geologypics.com/gl-27/

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