Chromatography is a laboratory technique for separating a mixture. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called a mobile phase, which transports it through a structure containing another material called a stationary phase. The different constituents of the mixture move at different speeds, which causes them to separate.
Paper chromatography is one of the types of chromatography procedures that is performed on a specialized piece of paper.
Principle of paper chromatography:
The principle involved is partition chromatography in which substances are distributed or shared between liquid phases. One phase is water, which is retained in the pores of the filter paper used; and the other is the mobile phase which moves on the paper. The compounds in the mixture separate due to differences in affinity with water (in stationary phase) and mobile phase solvents during movement of the mobile phase under the capillary action of paper pores. The principle can also be adsorption chromatography between solid and liquid phases, in which the stationary phase is the solid surface of the paper and the liquid phase is the mobile phase. But most applications of paper chromatography work on the principle of partition chromatography, that is to say shared between liquid phases.
Column chromatography is a chromatographic technique used to separate a mixture of chemicals into its individual compounds. Column chromatography is a widely used method for the purification or separation of mixtures of chemical compounds in the laboratory.
Column chromatography consists of two phases: a mobile phase and a contiguous stationary phase. The stationary phase is solid and the mobile phase is liquid. The compound mixture moves with the mobile phase through the stationary phase and separates depending on the different degree of adhesion (to silica) of each component of the sample or compound mixture.

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