Anatomy and physiology of the urinary system

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00:00 Presentation
0:05 Functions of the urinary system Removes metabolic waste Regulates blood volume and blood pressure Regulates plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium chloride, etc. Helps stabilize blood pH Retains valuable nutrients
1:52 Urinary System Organs/Tissues Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra
2:47 Renal anatomy 2 kidneys, on each side of the spine between T2 and L, the left kidney is slightly higher than the right • Stabilized in place by surrounding connective tissue Reddish brown, approximately 10 cm long, 5.5 cm wide and 3 cm thick, with a mass of 150 g • Renal cortex Renal marrow Renal pyramid Major/minor calyx
6:41 Blood flow to the kidneys • In healthy individuals, more than a liter of blood flows through the kidneys every minute! Receive blood through the renal arteries – Segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries… afferent arterioles supply the nephrons • Blood exits through the renal veins
9:27 Nephrons Microscopic tubular structures in the cortex of the kidneys that filter blood and produce urine • 1.25 million nephrons per kidney!
12:40 Glomerular filtration Glomerular capillaries are fenestrated Blood pressure forces water and small solutes through the membrane and into the capsular space • Some important nutrients (glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins) can also pass through – These are reabsorbed into the PCT
17:28 Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) Differs from PCT due to its small diameter and absence of microvilli Important for 3 basic processes: – Actively secretes ions, acids, drugs, toxins – Selectively absorbs sodium and calcium ions – Selectively absorbs water
6:35 p.m. Collecting system Some final filtrations, secretions and reabsorptions. Now the concentrated urine passes through the collecting duct, which merges into the papillary ducts. • The liquid empties into the minor chalice which leads
Around 9:16 p.m. 95% water…what else is in it? Urea: very abundant, resulting from the degradation of amino acids – Creatinine: resulting from the degradation of creatine phosphate (from muscles) – Uric acid: formed from the recycling of nitrogenous bases of RNA – Urobilin: a by-product of
24:55 Ureters • Pair of muscular tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder Firmly attached to the posterior abdominal wall – 3 layers of tissue: inner mucosa, muscular layer and
26:08 Urinary bladder Hollow, muscular organ that serves as a temporary reservoir for urine
27:48 Urethra Extends from the neck of the bladder and carries urine out of the body Longer in men than in women External urethral sphincter – Voluntary control Urination

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