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The two main causes of poor air quality are fine particles and tropospheric ozone.
Particulate matter (PM), or airborne particles, includes dust, dirt, soot and smoke.
These particles are so small that they can be inhaled, causing serious health problems.
The smallest are only a fraction of the size of a human hair, even smaller than grains of sand.
Ground-level ozone, on the other hand, is a gas (and the main ingredient in smog).
It forms when certain pollutants react chemically in the presence of heat and sunlight.
Even low concentrations can trigger various health problems.
This can lead to breathing problems, hospitalization for heart or lung disease, or even death.
The EPA estimates that poor air quality is responsible for more than 100,000 deaths each year in the United States.
The elderly, children and people with weakened immune systems are particularly at risk.
How can you protect yourself?
Outdoor activities and exercise of all kinds can help your heart stay healthy and resilient.
But stay indoors when air quality is poor.
If you must go out, limit your time outside.
The Air Quality Index (AQI) measures daily air quality.
It tells you how clean or polluted your air is and what associated health effects you might be concerned about.
Check your area's current AQI at airnow.gov.
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